Tag: physics
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VI. Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity: History and Mathematics
A Basic Introduction to the Gravitational Field Equation One learns in elementary physics that g represents the acceleration of gravity having units of distance/(time)2 and that E represents the electric field having units of Newtons/Coulomb. We may not have appreciated when first encountering these two important vectors that the mathematical fields associated with them take identical forms, and that they…
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II. Angles and their role in Special Relativity
Introduction Right angles help define the space around us. In addition to their usefulness for local space, right angles are necessary for understanding “inertial reference frames” used in Einstein’s theory of special (and general) relativity. Four thousand years before Einstein, the Egyptians knew how to use geometry and four equally spaced right (90˚) angles for…
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I. Maxwell’s Equations:
His anticipation of light’s immutable speed in vacuum This essay covers some pivotal scientists and their breakthroughs that established the laws of electricity and magnetism in the 18th and 19th centuries, with a focus on James Clerk Maxwell. Their discoveries fundamentally changed our understanding and application of electrical power. In addition to highlighting scientists, especially…
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V. A Conversation about Quantum Mechanics
Reckoning with uncertainty; a beginners guide to physics at the smallest scale Familiar quotations “Quantum mechanics is very impressive. But an inner voice tells me that this is not yet the right track. The theory yields much, but it hardly brings us closer to the Old One’s secrets. I, in any case, am convinced…
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IV. Summary of Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
An Introduction to Some of the Basics Thermodynamics is concerned with heat (thermos), movement (dynamics), and work; all are forms of energy. During the industrial revolution beginning in the 18th century, engineers started examining heat as a source for movement and work … replacing draft animals, wind, and waterfalls. Classical thermodynamics began by pondering only…
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III. Least Action Principle of Classical Mechanics
A bedrock principle of physics astonishing in its simplicity yet sometimes difficult to apply in realistic situations Two phrases in the preceding title may require some explanation: “least action” and “classical mechanics.” The least action principle recalls an observation once heard from a clever fellow student that “nature is fundamentally lazy.” That is, nature will…
Science Essays for College Students 