Tag: Biology
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Chemistry of water, carbon dioxide, and proteins
This discussion reviews three topics for science students: water, pH, and the chemical bonds within protein chains. To begin, though, consider the periodic table, which is a compact and very basic aid for discussing chemistry. It may be viewed on a single sheet of paper. This discussion begins with hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen from…
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Pharmacology today and in ancient natural medicine
This essay illustrates the discovery of a few drugs from the hundreds used today. Some emerged from laboratory studies while others progressed from traditional ancient remedies to modern pharmaceuticals. From these many therapeutics, seven are described: artemisinin, a modern treatment for malaria; quinine, another malarial treatment; digitalis, for congestive heart disease; statins, for high cholesterol…
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Where Physics and Biology Intersect
Life and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Life is orderly, contrasting the second law of thermodynamics, which states that systems naturally become more disordered over time. A few examples of the second law are that sandcastles erode, leaves scatter, perfume evaporates, a cup of coffee and the universe cool. Despite this law, living organisms maintain…